X-ray diffraction studies on precipitates and inclusions in steels using an extraction replica technique

Abstract

A simple extraction method is described in which precipitates and inclusions in steels can be isolated for identification by X-ray diffraction. The included material is removed from the metal surface embedded in a thin plastic replica, which is then formed into a small, compact, cylindrical specimen suitable for powder cameras. The scope of the method is discussed, and examples of the application of the method are given. Because the extraction period is only a few minutes, the method has several advantages over bulk extraction methods. In addition to the more stable constituents, iron carbide, iron nitrides and metal sulphides have been successfully extracted.