X-ray analysis of BaTiO3 ceramics by Williamson-Hall and size strain plot methods

Abstract

BaTiO3(BTO) ceramics were prepared by a sol-gel auto combustion method. Barium nitrate and Titanyl nitrate used as starting precursors and citric acid used as a chelating agent. BaTiO3 ceramics were synthesized at calcination temperature of 900°C for 2h and sintered at 1100°C for 1h. The crystalline Tetragonal phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction results. The Williamson–Hall (W–H) method and size–strain method to evaluate the size of crystallites and strain in the BaTiO3 ceramics’ peak broadening were applied. Physical parameters such as strain values were calculated for all XRD reflection peaks corresponding to the Tetragonal phase of BaTiO3 in the range of 20–80°C from the W–H plot and by the size–strain plot (SSP) method. The calculated crystallite size of developed BaTiO3 Nanoparticles by scherrer method, modified scherrer method, Williamson-Hall plot and size strain plot comes out to be 56.4nm, 62.4 nm, 72.7 nm, 62.1 nm respectively. The crystal size of the BaTiO3 ceramics calculated on the SSP method are in good agreement with the modified scherrer and Scherrer method.