Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid advancement and consumerization of virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, and extended reality (XR) technology, the use of XR technology in spine medicine has also become increasingly popular. The rising use of XR technology in spine medicine has also been accelerated by the recent wave of digital transformation (i.e., case-specific three-dimensional medical images and holograms, wearable sensors, video cameras, fifth generation, artificial intelligence, and head-mounted displays), and further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in minimally invasive spine surgery. The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on society, but positive impacts can also be expected, including the continued spread and adoption of telemedicine services (i.e., tele-education, tele-surgery, tele-rehabilitation) that promote digital transformation. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the accelerators of XR (VR, AR, MR) technology in spine medicine and then to provide a comprehensive review of the use of XR technology in spine medicine, including surgery, consultation, education, and rehabilitation, as well as to identify its limitations and future perspectives (status quo and quo vadis).
Highlights
Advances in computing power have led to a significant advancement of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies
Many pivotal articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals were selected, which helped to identify key XR technologies in spine medicine. The purpose of this narrative review is to identify the accelerators of XR (VR, AR, MR) technology in spine medicine and to perform a comprehensive review of the use of XR technology in spine medicine, including surgery, consultation, education, and rehabilitation, as well as to identify its limitations and future perspectives
In the field of spine medicine, XR technology has been introduced in areas of education, diagnoses, surgery, and rehabilitation, with remarkable results
Summary
Advances in computing power have led to a significant advancement of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies. Med. 2022, 11, 470 world with the digital world [5,6] and has recently garnered attention, mitigating the limitations of VR’s exclusion of the real-world environment and AR’s inability to interact. VR’s exclusion of the real-world environment and AR’s inability to interact with threewith three-dimensional (3D) data packets [7].
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