Abstract
The carbonation and hydroxylation state of a series of basic oxides (La 2O 3, RhLaO 3 and YBa 2Cu 3O 7) has been examined by XPS. While hydroxyl groups are characterized by an O(1s) peak at ∼531.4 eV, when carbonate species are present C(1s) and O(1s) peaks at 289.4 and 531.4 eV are recorded, giving an atomic O/C ratio near 3. Heating of samples in UHV up to 973 K leads to removal of most of the carbonate and hydroxyl species, carbonate being much more stable than hydroxyls remaining partially even at the highest temperatures.
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