Abstract
Superconducting quaternary alloys, Mo 25Ru 50Rh 12.5Pd 12.5, Mo 30Ru 45Rh 12.5Pd 12.5, Mo 40Ru 40Rh 10Pd 10 and Mo 50Ru 20Rh 15Pd 15 have been prepared using an arc melting furnace. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements indicate that the binding energies of Pd 3d 3/2 and 3d 5/2 peaks increased by 0.5–0.9 eV. XPS measurements for several binary alloys, Pd 1− x Mo x , Pd 1− x Ru x , Pd 1− x Rh x and Pd 1− x Ag x ( x=0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) were also carried out to study the origin of the binding energy shifts of Pd 3d 3/2 and 3d 5/2 peaks. The binding energy shifts are found to be irrespective of the electronegativity of the constituent elements in the quaternary alloys, but rather closely related to the final state effects.
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