Abstract
Synthesis of the Pb(Zr x Ti 1− x )O 3 (PZT) ceramics requires mixing materials such as PbO, TiO 2 and ZrO 2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of PZT thin films and other Pb-based materials shows structure and lineshape changes in the O 1s line which can be described in term of the shifts in binding energies of O 1s electrons in their constituents. The hybridization and overlap of the density of states of the elements in the molecule result in softening the bonds, shifting the oxygen peak toward a lower binding energy. Other lead-based materials such as PbZrO 3 (PZO) and PbTiO 3 (PTO), which also contain the same species, have been studied for comparison. The results show similar behavior of the oxygen peaks to that in PZT.
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