Abstract
This article unites the results from an integrative reconsideration of actual data about obesity from the viewpoint of recent developments in general pathology, epidemiology, immunology, genetics, and evolution. The focus is on the origin of genetic diversity in obesity manifestations on different levels of the disease. In contrast to the current paradigm of nutritive origin of obesity, the revealed set of evidences shows that the origin of obesity is based on either hereditary or post-infectious incongruence between the regulators of fat metabolism and their receptors. The incongruence may be created either by the destruction of receptors during infection or by genome mutations, which by natural selection, lead both to life-saving incongruence between the infectious agent and its receptor, and simultaneously, in evolution to a life-threatening obesogenic incongruence in the regulator-receptor interaction. The pandemic spread of obesity is induced by xenogamous intercourse between constitutionally incongruent ethnoses, which regulator-receptor evolution has processed at different epidemic conditions. The achieved results have allowed a replenish model for the molecular pathogenesis of obesity to explain the genetics of both obesity and its pandemic spread. The formerly maladroit issues of obesity origin, genetic, pathogenesis, and pandemic spread are transformed in an entire replenished system.
Highlights
Obesity presents one of the biggest and catastrophically growing problems in the world’s health
The article presents the results from reconsidering current data regarding epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and molecular pathogenesis of obesity from the viewpoint of recent all-pathological, immunogenetic, genetic, and evolutionary discoveries
Amongst of the group of most ‘obesogenic’ populations, the highly industrialized United States (US) shares the neighborhood with Samoa, Jordan, Cyprus, and Kuwait, whereas France, Vanuatu, New Zealand, Canada, and Australia are in the middle of the discussed list
Summary
Obesity presents one of the biggest and catastrophically growing problems in the world’s health. Over the last half of the century, the incidence of obesity began grow so sharply that in 1997, the World Health Organization formally recognized the disease as a global epidemic. The United States (US) has succumbed to the largely unrecognized obesity epidemic since 1960. The incidence of adult obesity has increased from 15% in 1980 to over 27% in 2000 [1,2]. An large growth rate has been observed in juvenile obesity: from less than 5% in 1970 to over 15% in 1998, a three-fold increase in only 30 years. Over 300,000 excess adult deaths in the US each year are related to obesity [1]. The epidemic continues to progress in a manner similar to a worldwide pandemic
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