Abstract
Abstract X‐chromosome inactivation is the phenomenon in which one of the two X chromosomes in every somatic cell of female mammals becomes transcriptionally inactive early in embryonic development. This has the result of equalizing the effective gene dosage of X‐linked genes in chromosomally XX females and XY males, and is hence known as a dosage compensation mechanism. In humans, X‐chromosome inactivation has implications for the effects seen in diseases due either to X‐linked genes or to numerical or structural anomalies of the X chromosome.
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