Abstract
The effects of XCHD on the proliferation of C6 cells and on factors associated with the microRNA-34a (miR-34a)/p53/caspase-3 signaling pathway in vitro were investigated. Methods. XCHD was purchased too much to complete the study. CCK-8 assay was used to measure the XCHD concentration, and qPCR was used to quantify miR-34a expression at the mRNA level. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL. Western blots were used to determine the p53, caspase-3, caspase-8, and Bcl-2 expression levels. Results. The optimal XCHD concentration and time effect for C6 cells were observed after 36 h of exposure to a concentration of 100 µg/ml XCHD. miR-34a expression increased 8 and 12 h after the addition of XCHD. The presence of XCHD decreased Bcl-2 expression but increased p53, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and caspase-8 expression. When p53 was inhibited, miR-34a expression was unaffected by the addition of XCHD, Bcl-2 expression was low, and cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and caspase-8 expression increased. The inhibition of p53 promoted C6 cell growth when compared with C6 cells exposed to XCHD and with no inhibition of p53. Conclusions. XCHD inhibits C6 cell growth which was influenced by the p53/caspase pathway.
Highlights
Glioma cells are the most common type of intracranial primary tumor cells, and they exhibit invasive growth and possess a high postoperative recurrence [1, 2]
Xiaochaihu decoction (XCHD) was added to the growth medium to achieve final XCHD concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml. e growth percentages obtained for each XCHD concentration were assessed at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h (Figure 1(a)). e results showed the optimal concentration and XCHD treatment duration for the attenuated growth of C6 cells were 100 μg/ ml XCHD and 36 h, respectively
XCHD, derived from a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) described in the “Treatise on Febrile Diseases,” has exhibited positive effects in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China and is a classic treatment method for promoting bile flow [30]
Summary
Glioma cells are the most common type of intracranial primary tumor cells, and they exhibit invasive growth and possess a high postoperative recurrence [1, 2]. Treating glioblastomas is difficult because a very small fraction of small cell subsets (1%) cannot be killed after being treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy [5,6,7]. Erefore, the investigation of novel potential therapeutic agents, such as those used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and the molecular mechanisms underlying their cytotoxic effect via clinical investigations is necessary [3, 4, 8]. Several complex formulas and crude materials used in Chinese medicines, including Xiaochaihu decoction (XCHD), have demonstrated measurable activity against viral hepatitis in the central nervous system [9,10,11]. Few studies have focused on the efficacy of XCHD in terms of its effects on primary tumors of the central nervous system such as glioma
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