Abstract
Introduction: Xao Tam Phan (Paramignya trimera) has long been used in Viet Nam as an herbal medicine for the treatment of Hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and diabetes. This study aimed to determine the anti-proliferation effect of Paramignya trimera extract (P. trimera extract) on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
 Methods: AlamarBlue assay was used to determine the IC50 values of P. trimera extract on HepG2 cells. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was used as normal cell control. For apoptosis examination, P. trimera extract-treated HepG2 cells were incubated with Annexin V/Propidium iodide (PI). Then they have been analyzed their expression of Annexin-V and PI by flow cytometry. The cell nuclear degradation also was evaluated by PI/Hoechst 33342 staining assay.
 Results: Doxorubicin and P. trimera extract IC50 values on HepG2 cells were 55.13 +/- 2.028 ng/ml and 582.533 +/- 16.521 mg/ml, respectively. Those on ADSCs were 5.96 +/- 0.56 ng/ml and 268.976 +/- 19.325 mg/ml, respectively. Side effect index value (SEI) of P. trimera extract was 2.175 +/- 0.12, and the SEI of doxorubicin was 8.71 +/- 0.36. Flow cytometry analysis indicated significant apoptosis on P. trimera extract-treated HepG2 cells at a dose of 500 mg/ml (32.39 +/- 2.28% apoptotic cells, and 14.63 +/- 1.59% necrotic cells). Nuclear aggregation and degradation was seen on 500 mg/ml P. trimera treated HepG2 cells.
 Conclusion: P. trimera extract could inhibit HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis.
Highlights
Xao Tam Phan (Paramignya trimera) has long been used in Viet Nam as an herbal medicine for the treatment of Hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and diabetes
P. trimera extract-treated HepG2 cells were incubated with Annexin V/Propidium iodide (PI)
The results showed that IC50 values of P. trimera extract on adipose-derived stem cell P. trimera (ADSC) and HepG2 cells were 268.98 ± 19.33 μg/ml and 582.53 ± 16.52 μg/ml, respectively (Figure 1)
Summary
Xao Tam Phan (Paramignya trimera) has long been used in Viet Nam as an herbal medicine for the treatment of Hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and diabetes. P. trimera extract-treated HepG2 cells were incubated with Annexin V/Propidium iodide (PI). They have been analyzed their expression of Annexin-V and PI by flow cytometry. Results: Doxorubicin and P. trimera extract IC50 values on HepG2 cells were 55.13 ± 2.028 ng/ml and 582.533 ± 16.521 μg/ml, respectively Those on ADSCs were 5.96 ± 0.56 ng/ml and 268.976 ± 19.325 μg/ml, respectively. According to IARC data in 2018, Viet Nam had 25335 new cases, 25404 deaths, and 21055 people living for five years with liver cancer 3. Liver cancer accounts for the highest percentage of all common diseases, as well as the leading cause of death in Viet Nam. There have been many developed methods to treat cancer. Depending on the type of cancer, the patient’s condition that the doctor chooses a suitable treatment or a combination of treatments to bring the best effect
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