Abstract
Xanthorrhizol (XNT) is a bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid compound extracted from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. It has been well established to possess a variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects. Since many synthetic drugs possess toxic side effects and are unable to support the increasing prevalence of disease, there is significant interest in developing natural product as new therapeutics. XNT is a very potent natural bioactive compound that could fulfil the current need for new drug discovery. Despite its importance, a comprehensive review of XNT’s pharmacological activities has not been published in the scientific literature to date. Here, the present review aims to summarize the available information in this area, focus on its anticancer properties and indicate the current status of the research. This helps to facilitate the understanding of XNT’s pharmacological role in drug discovery, thus suggesting areas where further research is required.
Highlights
Natural products are always characterized as more drug-likely and biological friendly than totally synthetic molecules [1]
Since the cost production of using SCFE-CO2 is much higher than conventional method, we suggest that SCFE-CO2 is more applicable in large-scale production in the industry
Since XNT has anticancer and antimicrobial properties, we suggest that its antimicrobial mechanism studies should be conducted to develop XNT as a potent antimicrobial agent, and provides new insight on the suppression of microbes-induced cancer in the future
Summary
Natural products are always characterized as more drug-likely and biological friendly than totally synthetic molecules [1]. These results indicated XNT may be a potent COX-2 and iNOS inhibitors [27], which is suggested by another anti-inflammatory assay of XNT performed in activated primary cultured microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide [17]. From the integration of findings [10, 17, 26, 27], we summarize that anti-inflammatory mechanism of XNT involved inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α, and suppression of COX-2 and iNOS expression via NF-kB pathway resulting PGE2 and NO reduction.
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