Abstract
An update of xanthones encountered in lichens is proposed as more than 20 new xanthones have been described since the publication of the compendium of lichen metabolites by Huneck and Yoshimura in 1996. The last decades witnessed major advances regarding the elucidation of biosynthetic schemes leading to these fascinating compounds, accounting for the unique substitution patterns of a very vast majority of lichen xanthones. Besides a comprehensive analysis of the structures of xanthones described in lichens, their bioactivities and the emerging analytical strategies used to pinpoint them within lichens are presented here together with physico-chemical properties (including NMR data) as reported since 1996.
Highlights
Xanthones are ubiquitous polyphenolic compounds displaying a common 9H-xanthen-9-one scaffold [1]
Since the compendium of lichen substances established by Huneck and Yoshimura in 1996 [5], various xanthones of unexpected structures were isolated from lichen sources, further strengthening the interest in the chemodiversity of this source
This review aims at gathering all the recent data regarding the lichen xanthones that has appeared since 1996
Summary
Xanthones are ubiquitous polyphenolic compounds displaying a common 9H-xanthen-9-one scaffold [1]. Bioactivities of these compounds depend on their tricyclic core as well as on the nature and/or position of their highly diverse substituents, making them a “privileged structure” [2] likely to bind a variety of targets [3]. A brief insight is given into the biosynthetic schemes of lichen xanthones with a focus on elements accounting for their specific substitution. The structures of all lichen xanthones isolated since 1996 are given and their available physico-chemical properties, including NMR data, are further compiled alongside their published bioactivities
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