X-ray technology in civil engineering

Abstract

X-ray has the unique ability to reveal what inside a structure and interpret it as a human readable image. This key feature makes X-ray imaging to a preferred inspection method for quality control across everything from food, micro electronics to heavy steel constructions. The newest technology developments towards digital X-ray imaging allow for fast and reliable inspection, addressing the high requirements of steel and concrete inspection. In civil engineering X-ray technology is used for weld seem inspection within construction of pipelines, bridges petrol-chemical plants and nuclear facilities. Quality assurance of steel constructions: X-ray inspection of pipelines and other steel structures are not only done during construction where weld seem inspection is one of the main applications for X-ray but also during maintenance where inspection for hidden corrosion and erosion to identify weaknesses before a breakdown occur. Damage assessment: Another important application is assessment of identified damages, as evaluation of identified cracks in steel constructions. With digital imaging it possible to get an immediate inspection result with high sensitivity and resolution. Inspection of concrete: A new emerging application is X-ray inspection of concrete constructions with X-ray. A modern 300kV portable X-ray system combined with digital image system can be used to inspect up to 20 – 25 cm concrete. With X-ray inspection of concrete, it is possible to identify and evaluate the condition of the reinforcement inside the concrete which is pivotal for the strength of the construction. It is also possible to identify the exact position of electrical installations or other features hidden inside the concrete which can prevent unexpected incidents related to drilling. The latest X-ray technology addresses todays and future challenges of quality control in civil engineering.