Abstract
Spatial Frequency Heterodyne Imaging (SFHI) is a novel x-ray scatter imaging technique that utilizes nanoparticle contrast agents. The enhanced sensitivity of this new technique relative to traditional absorption-based x-ray radiography makes it promising for applications in biomedical and materials imaging. Although previous studies on SFHI have utilized only metal nanoparticle contrast agents, we show that nanomaterials with a much lower electron density are also suitable. We prepared protein-based "nanobubble" contrast agents that are comprised of protein cage architectures filled with gas. Results show that these nanobubbles provide contrast in SFHI comparable to that of gold nanoparticles of similar size.
Highlights
Spatial Frequency Heterodyne Imaging (SFHI) is a novel x-ray imaging technique developed in recent years that uses x-rays scattered by a sample to form an image [1,2,3,4]
AuNPs have been utilized as SFHI contrast agents for the imaging of human Hepatocellular Carcinoma, with results demonstrating that SFHI is capable of distinguishing between cancer tissue labeled with AuNPs and tissue that is unlabeled [6]
We present the development of a novel protein-based nanoparticle contrast agent comprised of nano-sized protein cage architectures that are filled with perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas
Summary
Spatial Frequency Heterodyne Imaging (SFHI) is a novel x-ray imaging technique developed in recent years that uses x-rays scattered by a sample to form an image [1,2,3,4]. AuNPs have been utilized as SFHI contrast agents for the imaging of human Hepatocellular Carcinoma, with results demonstrating that SFHI is capable of distinguishing between cancer tissue labeled with AuNPs and tissue that is unlabeled [6]. Until recently, this application of SFHI for biomedical imaging was centered on the idea that the increased electron density of the metal nanoparticle contrast agents (relative to typical biological tissues) was required to improve the visibility of nanoparticle-targeted tissues in SFHI x-ray scatter images
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