Abstract
A study of the microstructures and magnetic properties of nanosize Zn ferrite(ZnFe2O4), Mn ferrite(MnFe2O4), and the cationdeficit Zn–Mn ferrites Zn0.70Mn0.23Fe1.89O4 (S1), Zn0.41Mn0.50Fe1.84O4 (S2) and Zn0.18Mn0.67Fe1.85O4 (S3) was performed. The crystallite size for all samples was determined by x-ray powderdiffraction (XRPD) analysis using four different methods, and was close to the particle sizefound from transmission electron microphotography. Among different methods of XRPDline broadening analysis it seems that the cubic harmonic function method is more preciseand reliable than the Warren–Averbach and simplified integral breadth methods.M(T) and M(H) magnetization curves at different fields/temperatures indicate superparamagneticbehaviour of the samples. Asymmetric hysteresis loops and differences in coercive fields,HC−(FC) −HC−(ZFC), are discussed by both the core/shell model of nanoparticles and spin canting. The magneticmeasurements with a maximum in the FC magnetization branches, the difference inM/MS versusH/T curvesabove Tmax (temperature of maximum in ZFC magnetization), the nonlinearity inHC versusT1/2, the remanence/saturationratio value, MR/MS and observation of the Almeida–Thouless line for low-field magnetization data(Tmax versus H2/3) indicate that the samples consist of an interacting ferrite nanoparticle ensemble.
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