Abstract
X-ray photoemission (XPS) measurements are reported on evaporated films of the rare earth metals Eu, Gd, and Yb. For comparison additional measurements are reported on Ba. The results provide an unambiguous determination of the 4f energy levels. In Yb the spin–orbit splitting is also clearly resolved. The locations of the 4f levels below the Fermi level are determined to be 2.1 eV for Eu, 7.7 eV for Gd, and 1.4 eV and 2.7 eV for Yb all with an error of ± 0.4 eV. Es werden photoelektronenspektroskopische Messungen im Rontgenstrahlenbereich (XPS) fur aufgedampfte Schichten der Lanthaniden Eu, Gd und Yb sowie zum Vergleich auch fur Ba beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse ermoglichen eine eindeutige Bestimmung der 4f-Energieniveaus. Bei Yb ist zudem die Spin–Bahn-Aufspaltung deutlich aufgelost. Die Lage der 4f-Niveaus unterhalb des Ferminiveaus wurde bestimmt zu 2.1 eV fur Eu, 7,7 eV fur Gd und 1,4 und 2.7 eV fur Yb mit einem Fehler von ± 0.4 eV.
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