X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on Ba 1− xEu xTiO 3

Abstract

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to study inner-shell core-level binding energies Eu 4d, Ti 2p and O 1s, Ba 3d for new single-phase Ba 1− x Eu x TiO 3 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) samples prepared by solid state reaction at 4.0 GPa and 1090 °C. The peak positions of binding energies determined by linear background subtraction and Gaussian fit are presented. XPS analysis indicates that the mixed-valent Eu 3+/Eu 2+ ions at A-site and Ti 4+/Ti 3+ ions at B-site coexisted in the Ba 1− x Eu x TiO 3 powder surface, and the amount of Eu 2+ ions is equal to Eu 3+ ions.