Abstract
CoAl2O4nanoparticles were prepared by a sol-gel process using citric acid as chelating agent with different calcination temperatures of 600 to 900 °C. The crystalline spinel cubic phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction results. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) revealed that nanoparticles of CoAl2O4morphology showed spherical forms with a certain degree of agglomeration. The Williamson-Hall (W-H) method and size-strain method to evaluate the size of crystallites and strain in the CoAl2O4nanoparticles peak broadening were applied. Physical parameters such as strain and stress values were calculated for all XRD reflection peaks corresponding to the cubic spinel phase of CoAl2O4in the range of 20 to 70° from the modified plot shape by W-H plot assuming a uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) and by the size-strain plot method (SSP). The CoAl2O4NPs crystal size calculated on the W-H plots and the SSP method are in good agreement with the HRSEM Scherrer method.
Highlights
Spinel oxide type AB2O4, where A and B represent two different sites tetrahedral and octahedral and the oxygen ions form a cubic closed structure, are a class of chemically and thermally stable materials that are suitable for a wide-ranging applications such as catalyst and magnetic materials [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Different diffraction peaks are observed in the model and the location of these peaks is very well matched to spinel cubic CoAl2O4 (JCPDS Card No 10-458), indicating the cobalt aluminate phase formation
No peaks corresponding to any other material or element are observed, which means that the firing temperature used (900 °C) was sufficient for the preparation of high purity CoAl2O4
Summary
Spinel oxide type AB2O4, where A and B represent two different sites tetrahedral and octahedral and the oxygen ions form a cubic closed structure, are a class of chemically and thermally stable materials that are suitable for a wide-ranging applications such as catalyst and magnetic materials [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Irfan H et al.: X-ray peak profile analysis of CoAl2O4 nanoparticles. Only the non-uniform strain will cause the broadening of the Peak [23].There are some methods for deformation sizing in materials represented by Scherrer [20, 24], Williamson-Hall [25, 26], Strain-size plot and Warren-Averbach methods [27, 28]. CoAl2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method. X-ray peak profile (XPPA) analysis was determined to calibrate the size of the crystallites and strain of CoAl2O4 nanoparticles based on UDM, USDM and UDEDM models. This work discussed the importance of W-H models and SSP method in calibration of crystalline size and strain parameters for CoAl2O4 nanoparticles
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