Abstract
Jets are commonly observed astrophysical phenomena. To study the x-ray emission characteristics of jets, a series of radial foil Z-pinch experiments are carried out on the Primary Test Stand at the Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics. In these experiments, x-ray emission ranging from the soft region (0.1–10 keV) to the hard region (10 keV–500 keV) is observed when the magnetic cavity breaks. The radiation flux of soft x-rays is measured by an x-ray diode and the dose rate of the hard x-rays by an Si-PIN detector. The experimental results indicate that the energy of the soft x-rays is several tens of kilojoules and that of the hard x-rays is ∼200 J. The radiation mechanism of the x-ray emission is briefly analyzed. This analysis indicates that the x-ray energy and the plasma kinetic energy come from the magnetic energy when the magnetic cavity breaks. The soft x-rays are thought to be produced by bremsstrahlung of thermal electrons (∼100 eV), and the hard x-rays by bremsstrahlung of super-hot electrons (∼mega-electron-volt). These results may be helpful to explain the x-ray emission by the jets from young stellar objects.
Highlights
The radiation mechanism of the x-ray emission is briefly analyzed. This analysis indicates that the x-ray energy and the plasma kinetic energy come from the magnetic energy when the magnetic cavity breaks
There are many kinds of jets, including the most powerful jets emerging from active galactic nuclei (AGN),1 which have typical sizes ≥106 pc, velocities close to light speed, and sources with masses in the range 106–109 M⊙, as well as jets from low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) within our own galaxy, which have typical sizes ≤1 pc, velocities ≤10−3 pc, and parent protostars with masses of order 1 M⊙
Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations indicate that a radial foil or wire-array Z-pinch can provide a magnetic structure similar to that occurring in YSO jets
Summary
We focus on jets launched from YSOs (known as Herbig–Haro objects), because they can be well approximated as ideal, magnetized, compressible plasmas and simulated by laboratory experiments based on the scaling law proposed by Ryutov et al.. Some researchers believe that jet formation is a purely hydrodynamic process and have designed a number of scaled jet experiments on laser facilities to investigate the associated dynamics.. Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations indicate that a radial foil or wire-array Z-pinch can provide a magnetic structure similar to that occurring in YSO jets.. Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations indicate that a radial foil or wire-array Z-pinch can provide a magnetic structure similar to that occurring in YSO jets.13 To validate these simulations, a series of radial wire-array and radial foil Z-pinch experiments have been carried out on pulsed-power generator facilities such as the Mega Ampere Generator for Plasma Some researchers believe that jet formation is a purely hydrodynamic process and have designed a number of scaled jet experiments on laser facilities to investigate the associated dynamics. others believe that YSO jets are driven by magnetic fields and that an originally poloidal magnetic field Bp is transformed by stellar rotation into a toroidal component Bφ that accelerates and collimates the jet. Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations indicate that a radial foil or wire-array Z-pinch can provide a magnetic structure similar to that occurring in YSO jets. To validate these simulations, a series of radial wire-array and radial foil Z-pinch experiments have been carried out on pulsed-power generator facilities such as the Mega Ampere Generator for Plasma
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