Abstract
The fight against racism and racial discrimination developed in two different directions in Europe and the United Nations. The creation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) by the UN in 1965 and its entry into force in 1969 are an integral part of the decolonization process and the fight against apartheid then reigning in Africa from South. Europeans perceived racism and antisemitism as related to the time of Nazism and the annihilation of the Jews. The problem of national minorities had already arisen in Europe after World War I, when new borders were created for minorities finding himself, at once, in the territory of another state. Therefore, the League of Nations and the Permanent Court of International Justice have addressed the issue of European minorities of the years 20 and 30. The original text of the chapter is in French. Keywords: European minorities; League of Nations; Permanent Court of International Justice; racial discrimination; racism
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