Abstract
This study presents a beam-steerable antenna system that uses two mechanically-rotatable, phase-shifting surfaces (PSSs) functioning like a pair of Risley prisms for beam scanning operation at X-band. One of the PSSs also acts as a lens, performing beam collimation in addition to providing a phase shift gradient. Unit cells constituting the two PSSs were co-designed to determine the distance between the two surfaces that results in high transmission coefficients and small phase errors under different beam-scanning conditions. Both simulation and measurement results have verified that the distance of 2 mm provides the best performance regarding to peak gain. Prototypes of the PSSs having circular apertures with diameters of 11.5 λ 0 at 10 GHz were fabricated and illuminated by a feed antenna to characterise the beam scanning performance. The measurement results of the proposed antenna system demonstrate the capability to steer the main beam within a ± 60 ° scanning range with a maximum gain variation of less than 3.6 dB by rotating the two PSSs with respect to each other. The fabricated prototype provides side lobe levels less than − 13.1 dB , polarisation purity higher than 20 dB, and small beam pointing errors of no more than 1 ° in all examined beam scan scenarios.
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