Abstract
Contemporary Polish-Russian relations are examined, taking into consideration the broad internal conditions in Poland and in Russia. Negative mutual stereotypes prevail in both countries, shaped in the course of a complicated history of mutual relations, while the concepts of international policies in both states are underdeveloped and divergent. Polish-Russian relations are increasingly more influenced by external conditions, such as the profound change Europe is going through and the evolution of the entire international order. The most important modern issues in Polish-Russian relations concern the persistent differences in the perception of the history of mutual relations, dissimilar concepts of the European security system, and energy security. The conditions of relations between Poland and Russia affect Poland’s ability to pursue its international interests in many areas: in relations with Russia and the CIS, in the forum of international organizations (NATO, EU, Council of Europe, OSCE and the UN), in relations with Poland’s closest allies and partners (Germany, France, U.S. and Ukraine). Finally, Polish-Russian relations influence the position and international role of Poland, limiting it when these relations are bad or augmenting it when they are good. Since late 2007 Poland has been trying to conduct a pragmatic policy and normalize its relations with Russia. In general, Polish-Russian reconciliation seems feasible.
Highlights
Negative mutual stereotypes prevail in both countries, shaped in the course of a complicated history of mutual relations, while the concepts of international policies in both states are underdeveloped and divergent
Polish-Russian relations are increasingly more influenced by external conditions, such as the profound change Europe is going through and the evolution of the entire international order
Polish-Russian relations influence the position and international role of Poland, limiting it when these relations are bad or augmenting it when they are good
Summary
Polskie postrzeganie wspó3czesnej Rosji zdominowane jest przez pryzmat z3ych doœwiadczeñ historycznych i znajduje odzwierciedlenie w wizerunku mocarstwa wrogiego pañstwu polskiemu i Polakom. Rosja Radziecka, a potem ZSRR wzmocni3y obraz Rosji jako imperium d1¿1cego do zniewolenia Polaków. Nie by3o tak¿e przypadkiem to, ¿e Polska po przyst1pieniu do Unii Europejskiej nie w31czy3a siê do wspó3tworzenia unijnej polityki zewnêtrznej. (w której zgin[13] prezydent Polski Lech Kaczyñski i 95 innych cz3onków delegacji udaj1cej siê z pielgrzymk[1] do Katynia), stanowi wa¿ny punkt na drodze rozpoczêcia przemiany percepcji Rosjan przez Polaków. O tym, ¿e tak siê sta3o œwiadcz[1] chocia¿by stonowane i wyra¿aj1ce uznanie dla Rosjan wypowiedzi niektórych polityków, wyspecjalizowanych w konfliktowaniu stosunków miêdzy Polsk[1] a Rosj[1], sk3adane w okresie maj–czerwiec 2010 r., przed wyborami prezydenckimi w Polsce. Przywódcy rosyjscy uœwiadomili sobie, ¿e Polska jest wa¿nym krajem dla realizacji strategicznych celów ich polityki zagranicznej. Równie¿ nadal Polska jest postrzegana jako konkurent Rosji na obszarze zamieszka3ym przez narody s1siaduj1ce miêdzy granicami UE i Rosji
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