WS7.3. Neuromuscular ultrasound in upper extremity

Abstract

Application of high-resolution ultrasonography in neuromuscular disorders has been rapidly expanding. Traditionally, clinical assessment of patients with the neuromuscular disorders starts with obtaining the history, clinical examination and is followed by an electrodiagnostic test, which is a golden standard to assess the functional status of the peripheral neuromuscular system. Nowadays, in addition to the assessment of neuromuscular function using the traditional electrodiagnostic test, evaluation of the morphology of involved nerves and muscles using US is performed in patients with a wide spectrum of neuromuscular disorders. To get a better diagnosis, we need to increase our understanding of physiology and morphology of peripheral nerve and muscle as assessed by electrodiagnostic test and US. In this lecture, we will discuss about ultrasound images of nerves and muscles in upper extremity according to the cross-sectional anatomic knowledge. In the extremities, nerves frequently run with vessels and small arteries and can mimic nerve fascicles. Cross-sectional anatomy is a key to locate target structure during ultrasound. 3-dimensional spatial relationship of nerve, muscle, and vessels has specific pattern. The anatomic knowledge will help you to be an expert in NM US.