Abstract
Summary The aim of the study executed with the split-block method with 4 replications and conducted at the Experimental Station BASF Ltd. in Pągow in the years 2009–2011 was to evaluate the effect of different doses of herbicides on the reduction of weed, grain yield and structure of two varieties of winter wheat depending on the time of sowing. The studies tested two morphologically different varieties, Nutka and Ludwig. It has been shown that weed abundance on the control plots depends on both the sowing date as well as the cultivated variety of wheat. In the area where wheat was sown at the optimum sowing time 205.9 weeds per m 2 occurred on plots with Ludwig variety, and 246.9 per m 2 with Nutka while in the delayed sowing, 134.9 per m 2 and 158.5 per m 2 , respectively. The effectiveness of the full doses of herbicides was much higher than of these reduced by 50%, which demonstrates the high sensitivity of weed species occurring in the study for active substances of herbicides. Based on the conducted survey it was found that both varieties of wheat reacted differently to grain yield on the control objects from the ones sprayed with herbicides. On the control plots, wheat sown at the optimal period produced smaller yields than wheat from the delayed sowing, while on the plots protected with herbicides the relations were inverse. In both sowing dates within the combination sprayed with herbicides no differences were observed in yielding wheat. It has been shown, however, that the variety Ludwig had a by 5.8%, and the variety Nutka by 16.7% higher yield from the timely sown crops than from the delayed sown. Analysis of the structure of yield has shown that grain yield depends in the highest degree on plant density per m 2 , and to a lesser extent on the weight of 1,000 grains, whereas the number of grains per spike remained unchanged.
Highlights
The aim of the study executed with the split-block method with 4 replications
Pągów in the years 2009–2011 was to evaluate the effect of different doses of herbicides
grain yield and structure of two varieties of winter wheat depending on the time of sowing
Summary
– 137,5 18,2 16,9 13,9 27,7 8,4 7,6 11,5 7,7 6,0 7,9 11,7 68,4 T1 91,8 90,3 91,7 90,2 94,4 88,3 93,5 94,3 90,2 92,6 94,1 90,3 96,6 T1 96,9 98,9 95,2 95,6 97,3 94,1 96,3 98,6 95,4 96,7 98,3 99,5 99,2 T2 86,0 88,3 92,4 89,2 90,7 50,3 90,1 90,6 88,3 88,8 82,2 94,7 88,4. Jak w pszenicy wysianej w terminie optymalnym, dominującą rolę odgrywały te same gatunki chwastów poza B. napus var. Średnie plony ziarna pochodzące z obiektów chronionych środkami chwastobójczymi, z zasiewów przeprowadzonych w terminie optymalnym, u obu odmian pszenicy kształtowały się na zbliżonym poziomie i były istotnie wyższe niż z zasiewów opóźnionych. Poza tym rośliny odmiany Ludwig, niezależnie od badanych czynników agrotechnicznych cechowały się zawsze wyższymi plonami ziarna niż odmiany Nutka. W przeprowadzonych badaniach określono również wpływ herbicydów na strukturę plonu obu odmian pszenicy ozimej. Dowiedziono, że ziarno badanych odmian zebrane z obiektów opryskiwanych środkami chwastobójczymi, ale tylko z zasiewów pszenicy wykonanych w terminie optymalnym, miało istotnie wyższą masę 1000 ziaren niż na obiektach kontrolnych. Poza tym liczba kłosów na jednostce powierzchni, zarówno na poletkach kontrolnych, jak też chronionych herbicydami była zawsze wyższa w zasiewach odmiany Ludwig. The effect of herbicides on the structure and grain yield of winter wheat cultivars (2009–2011) sown at the optimum period
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