Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies have received much more attention during the last decade due to their effectiveness in wireless charging for a wide range of electronic devices. To transmit power between two points without a physical link, conventional WPT systems use two coils, one coil is a transmitter (Tx) and the other is a receiver (Rx) which generates an induced current from the received power. Two main factors control the performance of the WPT schemes, power transfer efficiency (PTE) and transmission range. Power transfer efficiency refers to how much power received by the rechargeable device compared to the power transmitted from the transmitter; while transmission range indicates the longest distance between transmitter and receiver at which the receiver can receive power within the acceptable range of power transfer efficiency. Several studies were carried out to improve these two parameters. Many techniques are used for WPT such as inductive coupling, magnetic resonance coupling, and strongly coupled systems. Recently, metamaterial structures are also proposed for further transfer efficiency enhancement. Metamaterials work as an electromagnetic lensing structure that focuses the evanescent transmitted power into receiver direction. Transmitting & Receiving antenna systems may be used for sending power in certain radiation direction. Optimizing the transmitter antenna and receiver antenna characteristics increase the efficiency for WPT systems. This chapter will present a survey on different wireless power transmission schemes.
Highlights
With the spreading of mobile phones, portable and wearable electronic devices and changes in the human lifestyle, the need for Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology grows to get rid of the inconvenience due to using power cables
Emf = − dφ WPT system performance can be estimated by the power transfer efficiency (PTE) which depends on the KQ product
In [14], we proposed dual open-loop spiral resonators (OLSRs) to improve the magnetic field for WPT system
Summary
With the spreading of mobile phones, portable and wearable electronic devices and changes in the human lifestyle, the need for WPT technology grows to get rid of the inconvenience due to using power cables. One of the first trials for WPT was performed by Nikola Tesla a century ago He wanted to develop a wireless power distribution system. An impedance matching circuit is inserted to ensure maximum power transfer between the receiving resonator and the rectifying circuit. Many combinations could be used for the rectification purpose such as half-wave, full-wave, or any series/parallel diodes combinations All these rectification circuits are used for converting RF power into DC power. We will focus on the coupled resonators which is the first stage for WPT systems. We will cover these technologies with highlights on the recent techniques for improving the power transfer efficiency such as using intermediate resonators, applying metasurface structures, and so on.
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