Abstract

AbstractJudaism is seen as the archetypal monotheistic religion. And yet, the history of the Jewish faith seems to contradict this view: there were other gods besides the God of Israel, later superior angels, Metatron; in speaking of a tenfold deity the Kabbala goes against the philosophical doctrine of oneness to which it also adheres. These seeming contradictions can only be explained if one considers that the various creeds of oneness stem from very different religious and philosophical ways of thinking and concerns, which do not always endeavour to describe God’s existence, but are rooted in a human longing for happiness, the wish to refer to a God, to liturgical accessibility etc. The creed of the one God is ontology for some, for others it is epistemology, liturgical performance, emotional expression or sociological or historical reflection. Monotheism figures in various »linguistic games« and with various meanings.

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