Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant enzyme activities in the skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) at 3 and 7 days post-wounding (dpw). The expression levels of the genes that encode stress proteins (grp170, grp94, grp75, sod and hsp70) and skin regeneration-related proteins (tf, igf1, tgfb1, der1, apo1 and erdj3) in the skin also were determined. Mucus and skin samples were obtained from the left and right flanks of non-wounded and wounded fish. In both flanks of the wounded fish, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in the skin mucus increased (p < 0.05) at 3 and 7 dpw (100 ± 31% and 111 ± 25%, respectively), whereas superoxide dismutase activity increased (p < 0.05) only at 7 dpw (135 ± 15%). The expression levels of stress proteins in the skin of the wounded flank of the wounded fish mainly increased at 7 dpw (grp170 increased to 288 ± 85%, grp94 to 502 ± 143%, grp75 to 274 ± 69%, sod to 569 ± 99%, and hsp70 increased to 537 ± 14%) (p < 0.05). However, the expression levels of the tissue regeneration-related genes varied depending on the flank investigated, on the experimental time, and on the gene studied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to determine the effect of a wound in different skin parts of the same fish.
Highlights
Together with its associated structures, the skin constitutes the first line of defense of the immune system of vertebrates
On the basis of the above findings, this study mainly aimed to describe the response of gilthead seabream to experimental wounds by evaluating the antioxidant parameters in skin mucus and the expression of genes related to stress and skin regeneration in the skin samples obtained from both flanks of the wounded and non-wounded fish
The catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were measured in the skin mucus of both flanks of the non-wounded and wounded gilthead seabream (Figure 1)
Summary
Together with its associated structures, the skin constitutes the first line of defense of the immune system of vertebrates. The skin consists of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis [1]. Apart from its role in defense, the skin plays a role in many other important functions, such as osmoregulation or as a mineral reservoir [2]. The condition of the skin is generally a key factor influencing the welfare and health of fish, which in turn are important parameters in aquaculture. The other important steps in the skin healing process are the following: within 1–2 days scale differentiation is initiated; at
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