Abstract
The wound-healing potential of Phaleria macrocarpa was evaluated by monitoring the levels of inflammatory mediators, collagen, and antioxidant enzymes. Experimentally, two-centimeter-wide full-thickness-deep skin excision wounds were created on the posterior neck area of the rats. The wounds were topically treated with gum acacia as a vehicle in the control group, intrasite gel in the reference group, and 100 and 200 mg/mL P. macrocarpa fruit extract in the treatment group. Granulation tissues were excised on the 15th day and were further processed for histological and biochemical analyzes. Wound healing was evaluated by measuring the contractions and protein contents of the wounds. Cellular redistribution and collagen deposition were assessed morphologically using Masson's trichrome stain. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, along with malondialdehyde (MDA) level were determined in skin tissue homogenates of the dermal wounds. Serum levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated in all the animals. A significant decrease in wound area was caused by a significant increase in TGF-β1 level in the treated groups. Decrease in TNF-α level and increase in the collagen formation were also observed in the treated groups. Topical treatment with P. macrocarpa fruit extract increased the SOD and CAT activities in the healing wounds, thereby significantly increasing MDA level. The topical treatment with P. macrocarpa fruit extract showed significant healing effect on excision wounds and demonstrated an important role in the inflammation process by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby accelerating the wound healing process and reducing tissue injury.
Highlights
A wound is a sharp injury that damages the dermal layer of the skin
Since more than 50% of proteins in scar tissues consist of colla‐ gen, collagen production is essential in the process of heal‐ ing
One of the main findings of this study considers topical application of P. macrocarpa fruit extracts on skin excision wounds in rats
Summary
A wound is a sharp injury that damages the dermal layer of the skin. There are two types of the wounds: closed wound and open wound [1]. Submitted: 24 July 2014 / Accepted: 17 February 2015 in wound healing process [2]. Inflammation is a normal phase of the wound-healing process, being crucial in removing contaminating microorganisms. Both bacteria and endo‐ toxins can lead to an extended increase of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), prolonging the inflammatory phase. If this phase continues, the wound may reach its chronic
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