Abstract
Diabetic patients often experience problems with their immune system activation and result in delayed wound healing. Slow and incomplete wound healing increases the risk of complications caused by infected wounds. Metformin has been used as a standard drug for diabetes treatment and it accelerates wound healing. However, intake of metformin may cause gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhoea, nausea and abdominal discomfort. Therefore, a safe alternative to metforminis is required. While many research programs focus on alpha-tocopherol, in this paper the potency of tocotrienols in wound and diabetes management was investigated. Tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) was tested for its ability to stabilize blood glucose, reduce lipid peroxidation, promote platelet-derived growth factorBB and wound closure. In this study, the rodent model was used to investigate the effects of TRP in wound healing proficiency. The results showed that TRF was comparable to metformin in stabilizing blood glucose, promoting PDGF-BB in the blood during the initial wound healing stage and produced clean wound closure. Interestingly, the findings of this study showed TRF had higher potency than metformin in reducing lipid peroxidation that could delay wound healing. Hence, TRF could be a good alternative to metformin in wound and diabetes management
Highlights
Wound healing is a series of well-orchestrated integrations and complex biological events
We evaluated the potential of Tocotrienols Rich Fraction (TRF) in modulating wound contraction, regulation of Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) growth factor, managing oxidative stress by detecting its by-product malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as blood glucose control and bodyweight of the diabetic animal model
From the antimicrobial test result using the disc diffusion method (Table 1), it shows that oil palm tocotrienols rich fraction (TRF) at concentration 30 mg/L to 105 mg/L had no antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, L. innocua, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. enterica ser, Typhi
Summary
Wound healing is a series of well-orchestrated integrations and complex biological events It requires four overlapping phases, which includes coagulation of white blood cells, inflammation, migration-proliferation of cells and tissue remodelling to complete the healing process (Tottoli et al, 2020). Microcirculation (Lioupis, 2005) employment of macrophages, neutrophils and vasoconstriction (Goren et al, 2009; Mirza et al, 2009; Lin et al, 2018) and oxidative stress (Johansen et al, 2005; Xu et al, 2020). These are among the factors delaying and impairing wound healing among diabetic patients and increase the potential of microbial infection with the chronic wound (Dong et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2020)
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