Abstract
Ethno-pharmacological relevanceThe bark of Semialarium mexicanum commonly known as ‘Cancerina’ is used as an infusion in Central America and Mexico to treat various wound infections, as well as skin and vaginal ulcers. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to determine the wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activities of the aqueous extract of Semialarium mexicanum and to identify the compounds related to these activities. Materials and methodsA bio-guided isolation of the active compounds of Semialarium mexicanum was carried out, selecting the sub-extracts and fractions depending on their wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activities in the RAW 264.7, NIH/3T3 and B16-F10 cells. ResultsThree compounds were obtained and characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. These compounds are (3β)-3-Hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (1), (3β)-Urs-12-ene-3,28-diol (2) and (2α, 19α)-2,19-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (3). Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, the three compounds inhibited the production of NF-κB and NO, however, compound 3 was the most active with IC50 values of 8.15–8.19 μM and 8.94–9.14 μM, respectively, in all cell lines. The anti-melanogenic activity of these compounds was evaluated by the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin in the B16-F10 cell line. The three compounds showed anti-melanogenic activity, however, compound 3 was the most active with an IC50 of 8.03 μM for the inhibition of tyrosinase production, and an IC50 of 8.53 μM for the inhibition of melanin production. Finally, concerning the wound healing activity, the three compounds presented proliferative activity in all the tested cell lines, however, compound 3 showed higher cell proliferation percentages than compounds 1 and 2 (88.89–89.60% compared to 64.92–65.71% and 71.53–71.99%, respectively). ConclusionThe wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activity of the aqueous extract of Semialarium mexicanum was tested and analysed in the present study, after having isolated three ursane-type triterpenes.
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