Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of worst-case timing analysis of extended Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) networks, incorporating Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) shapers called Burst Limiting Shapers (BLS), to enable the interconnection of different avionics domains with mixed-criticality levels, e.g., current AFDX traffic, Flight Control and In-Flight Entertainment. Conducting such an analysis is a challenging issue when considering multiple BLS-shaped traffic classes, due to the sophisticated inter-dependencies between the different shapers sharing the same output capacity. We tackle this problem through extending the applicability domain of our previous work for computing maximum delay bounds using Network Calculus and considering only one BLS class, called Continuous Credit-based Approach (CCbA), to handle multiple TSN/BLS classes. We provide further insights into the sensitivity and tightness issues of worst-case delay bounds yielded with the Generalized CCbA (GCCbA). Our assessments show that the tightness ratio is up to 85%, with reference to Achievable Worst-Case delays. We also show the improvements against recent state-of-the-art approaches in terms of tightness and complexity, where the computation time is up to 105 faster. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of GCCbA for realistic avionics case studies, e.g., adding A350 flight control traffic to the AFDX. Results show the good applicability of GCCbA and confirm the efficiency of the extended AFDX, which decreases the delay bounds of the existing AFDX traffic by up to 49.9%, in comparison with the current AFDX standard.
Highlights
The growing number of interconnected end-systems and the expansion of exchanged data in avionics have led to an increase in complexity of the communication architecture
Key Points: These results show the impact of the extended Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) (BLS) when SCT2 varies: with good parameters, the delay bounds of lower priorities can be divided by up to 5.4 times for RC1, and up to 2 for RC2 compared to current AFDX (SP)
In this paper, we proposed a worst-case timing analysis approach based on Network Calculus, called Generalized CCbA (GCCbA), of extended AFDX networks incorporating several Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)/Burst Limiting Shapers (BLS) shapers
Summary
The growing number of interconnected end-systems and the expansion of exchanged data in avionics have led to an increase in complexity of the communication architecture. Some low rate data buses, e.g., CAN [10], are still used to handle some specific avionics domains, such as the I/O process and the Flight Control Management This architecture reduces the time to market, it conjointly leads to inherent heterogeneity and new challenges to guarantee the real-time requirements. We have introduced in [5] an improved model based on Network Calculus, called Continuous-Credit-based Approach (CCbA) This approach has been validated on a single-hop network when considering only one BLS-shaped class. The main feature of the BLS is the change of priority p(k) of the queue of the shaped class, which occurs in two contexts: 1) if p(k) is high and credit reaches LMk ; 2) if p(k) is low and credit reaches LRk ; when a frame is transmitted, the credit increases (is consumed) with a rate of Iskend , else the credit decreases (is gained) with a rate of Iikdle: Iikdle = BW k · C (1). The system consisting of the concatenation of the two servers offers a service curve β1 ⊗ β2
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