Abstract
In this study, an integrated near-field GPR system (INFGPRs) with a frequency tunable patch antenna was developed to investigate wormholes in oil sand that emerge during CHOPS. 3-dimension imaging of wormholes was then obtained based on INFGPRs through step-scanning against the wall of inspection wells. The feasibility and availability of the developed GPR system were identified through bench-scale simulation in the lab. In addition, a factorial factor experiment was designed in order to reveal the interaction effects of impact factors (depth, size, and content of wormhole) on the performance of the developed GPR system.
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