Wormhole modeling in f(R,T) gravity with minimally-coupled massless scalar field

Abstract

In this paper, the strong gravitational lensing is explored for traversable wormholes in [Formula: see text] theory of gravity with minimally-coupled massless scalar field. First, the effective wormhole solutions are obtained using the model [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is constant, [Formula: see text] is scalar curvature and [Formula: see text] is the trace of stress-energy tensor. Furthermore, three different shape functions namely, [Formula: see text] (Ref. 36), [Formula: see text] (Refs. 35 and 37) and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (Refs. 34, 35, 39, 73) are considered and studied their qualitative behavior for the construction of wormhole geometry respectively. Subsequently, gravitational lensing effect is implemented to detect the existence of photon spheres at or outside the throat of wormholes.