Abstract
BackgroundDENV-1 is one of the four viral serotypes that causes Dengue, the most common mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. The prevalence of these viruses has grown in recent decades and is now present in more than 100 countries. Limited studies document the spread of DENV-1 over the world despite its importance for human health.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe used representative DENV-1 envelope gene sequences to unravel the dynamics of viral diffusion under a Bayesian phylogeographic approach. Data included strains from 45 distinct geographic locations isolated from 1944 to 2009. The estimated mean rate of nucleotide substitution was 6.56×10−4 substitutions/site/year. The larger genotypes (I, IV and V) had a distinctive phylogenetic structure and since 1990 they experienced effective population size oscillations. Thailand and Indonesia represented the main sources of strains for neighboring countries. Besides, Asia broadcast lineages into the Americas and the Pacific region that diverged in isolation. Also, a transmission network analysis revealed the pivotal role of Indochina in the global diffusion of DENV-1 and of the Caribbean in the diffusion over the Americas.Conclusions/SignificanceThe study summarizes the spatiotemporal DENV-1 worldwide spread that may help disease control.
Highlights
Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) is one of the four serotypes of the arthropod borne viruses that causes Dengue [1,2]
Genotyping In order to classify taxa and to create datasets for each genotype a Maximum likelihood (ML) tree was inferred using Garli v2.0 software and the 1583 E sequences [32]; bootstrapping values for branches were estimated with 100 nonparametric replicates This resulted in 1189 strains from Genotype I, one from Genotype II, four from Genotype III, 81 from Genotype IV and 306 from genotype V (Figure 1)
Evolutionary History of DENV1 We retrieved DENV-1 envelope sequences from GenBank (Table S1 lists the accession numbers) and estimated the phylogenetic noise in each data set
Summary
Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) is one of the four serotypes of the arthropod borne viruses (arbovirus) that causes Dengue [1,2]. Other more severe manifestations of dengue infection, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) can be fatal if unrecognized and not properly treated in a timely manner. The prevalence of this disease has grown in recent decades and is endemic in more than 100 countries [6]. DENV-1 is one of the four viral serotypes that causes Dengue, the most common mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. The prevalence of these viruses has grown in recent decades and is present in more than 100 countries. Limited studies document the spread of DENV-1 over the world despite its importance for human health
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