Worldwide spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB)

Abstract

Background: A detailed analysis of the spatio-temporal correlation of the yearly geo-referenced data, using different characteristic times of the disease evolution, which allowed to trace the temporal path of the etiological agent, to locate the sources of infection, and to characterize the dynamics of disease spreading indicated that the information obtained through such analysis can contribute to more effective budget allocation, drug distribution and recruitment of human skilled resources, as well as guiding the design of vaccination programs. Hence, the current literature review was conducted to show the importance of research regarding the spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Objective: The purpose of the literature review was to assess the worldwide spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis. Methods: The literature review was done through identification and evaluation of a range of different types of sources including academic and professional journal articles, books, and web-based resources. Search engines were used to search web resources and bibliographic databases following aspects of the process associated with the production of a literature review such as evaluating information sources, searching and locating information resources, developing conceptual framework and mind mapping, and writing the literature review. In addition, references which had themes in common were grouped together. Finally, reflections on the findings of the literature review were made. Results and conclusions: There is sufficient evidence about the existence of significant high-rate space and time TB clustering and spatial variability across study regions. Significant clustering of TB was seen in “TB Epidemic” and hyperendemic “hotspots” often characterized by crowding, HIV infection, unemployment, and other social determinants. General development measures which were correlated with TB incidence trends varied geographically. People movement also found to be another risk factor indicating difference in TB occurrence among countries. The information obtained could contribute to more effective budget allocation, drug distribution and recruitment of human skilled resources, as well as guiding the design of vaccination programs.