Abstract
Background Healthcare workers are at high risk of occupational exposure to needle stick injury worldwide. Occupational exposure to needle stick injury represents the most common sources of infection such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Thus, this review aimed to determine the career time and previous one-year global pooled prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injury among healthcare workers. Methods The review considered articles written in English language and published from 2012 to 2020. The articles were searched using nine electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, MedNar, and ScienceDirect) using a combination of Boolean logic operators (AND, OR, and NOT), Medical Subject Headings, and keywords. Quality assessment was performed to determine the relevance of the articles using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Several steps of assessment and evaluation were taken to select and analyze the relevant articles. Results The worldwide pooled prevalence of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers during career time and previous one year was 56.2% (95% CI: 47.1, 64.9) and 32.4% (95% CI: 22.0, 44.8), respectively. The career time pooled prevalence of needle stick injuries based on the socioeconomic development and study area was 54.8% and 55.1%, respectively, and one-year pooled prevalence of needle stick injury was 26.0% and 20.9%. Conclusion The review found a high prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injury among healthcare workers and suggests the need to improve occupational health and safety services in the healthcare systems.
Highlights
Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are among the most common occupational hazards among healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide that need to be addressed and represent the most common sources of infection [1]
A total of 10,233 healthcare workers were included in 18 studies, of which were conducted in 14 countries [16, 25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41]: three articles [29, 33, 41] in Iran, two in Ethiopia [27, 36], two in India [28, 39], and one (5.55%) in other countries such as Nigeria [30], USA [25], China [31], Serbia [26], Saudi Arabia [32], Bangalore
Occupational exposure to NSIs is a major source for the transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Summary
Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are among the most common occupational hazards among healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide that need to be addressed and represent the most common sources of infection [1]. Hundreds of thousands of HCWs are at high risk of work-related infections such as HBV, HCV, and HIV as a result of exposure to contaminated needle sticks and sharp injuries [5, 6]. Us, this review aimed to determine the career time and previous one-year global pooled prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injury among healthcare workers. E worldwide pooled prevalence of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers during career time and previous one year was 56.2% (95% CI: 47.1, 64.9) and 32.4% (95% CI: 22.0, 44.8), respectively. Conclusion. e review found a high prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injury among healthcare workers and suggests the need to improve occupational health and safety services in the healthcare systems
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