World-Wide Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Enteroviruses.

Lieke Brouwer,Giulia Moreni,Dasja Pajkrt,Katja C Wolthers

doi:10.3390/v13030434

Abstract

Enteroviruses (EVs) are highly prevalent viruses world-wide, causing a wide range of diseases in both children and adults. Insight in the global prevalence of EVs is important to define their clinical significance and total disease burden, and assists in making therapeutic decisions. While many studies have been conducted to describe epidemiology of EVs in specific (sub)populations and patient cohorts, little effort has been made to aggregate the available evidence. In the current study, we conducted a search in the PubMed and Embase (Ovid) databases to identify articles reporting EV prevalence and type distribution. We summarized the findings of 153 included studies. We found that EVs are highly prevalent viruses in all continents. Enterovirus B was the most detected species worldwide, while the other species showed continent-specific differences, with Enterovirus C more detected in Africa and Enterovirus A more detected in Asia. Echovirus 30 was by far the most detected type, especially in studies conducted in Europe. EV types in species Enterovirus B—including echovirus 30—were often detected in patient groups with neurological infections and in cerebrospinal fluid, while Enterovirus C types were often found in stool samples.

Highlights

IntroductionThere are 106 types currently known to infect humans, of which dozens are frequently detected globally [1,2,3,4]
Enteroviruses (EVs) are among the most prevalent viruses infecting humans worldwide
A total of 153 studies were included for the current study, of which 135 were included for analysis on EV prevalence and 47 were included for analysis on EV type distribution (Figure 1, Table S3)

Summary

Introduction

There are 106 types currently known to infect humans, of which dozens are frequently detected globally [1,2,3,4]. Most of these types were defined before sequencing techniques were available on a large scale, and typing was performed based on the biological properties of these viruses in cell culture or mouse models. The newer types have been defined by analysis of their viral protein 1 (VP1) region sequence, and their names consist of ‘Enterovirus’, their species letter, and a consecutive number, starting with Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) [5]. Each EV type that has been identified in humans falls into one of four species; Enterovirus

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