Abstract
In the last 30 years world population has increased 70% but per capita global fruit consumption is only 20% higher. Even though tropical and temperate fruit have similar contributions to the 50 kg/person/year of US consumption of fresh fruit, in the last 30 years this has been slightly greater for temperate fruit. Within fruit consumption, the largest expansion has been for organic fruit which increased more than 50% in the 2002-2006 period. The largest expansion of area planted in the 1996-2006 has been for kiwi (29%) and blueberries (20%), while apples (-24%) and sour cherries (-13%) have had the largest reductions. Nearly 50% of the total global volume of fruit is produced by 5 countries: China, USA, Brazil, Italy and Spain. The main producer (China) accounts for 23% of the total. While the main exporters are Spain, USA and Italy, the main importers are Germany, Russia and UK. Demands for the industry have evolved towards quality, food safety and traceability. The industry faces higher productions costs (labor, energy, agrichemicals). The retailers are moving towards consolidation while the customers are changing preferences (food for health). In this context there is greater pressure on growers, processors and retailers. Emerging issues are labor supply, climate change, water availability and sustainability. Recent developments in precision agriculture, molecular biology, phenomics, crop modelling and post harvest physiology should increase yields and quality, and reduce costs for temperate fruit production around the world.
Highlights
Temperate fruit production requires specific environmental conditions which are found naturally in zones with Mediterranean climate
When the world growth in terms of value is analyzed by group of species of fresh fruit in the 2005-2009 period, the expansion is lead by dates, pineapples and avocados (53.8%), followed by berries and kiwis (52.9%) and, with similar variations in term of average growth of imports (30-35%) are grapes, citrus, pome and stone fruits, coconutscashew nuts, and bananas (Figure 4)
50% of total production is concentrated in China, USA, Brazil and European Union
Summary
RESUMO - Nos últimos 30 anos a população mundial cresceu 70 %, mas o consumo per capita de frutas somente 20 %. Apesar de haver um equilíbrio entre o consumo de frutas tropicais e temperadas, de cerca de 50 kg/pessoa/ano,nos EUA, com 50 % cada uma, nos últimos 30 anos o consumo de frutas frescas temperadas tem sido um pouco maior. No consumo de frutas frescas, o de orgânicas teve o maior aumento, com cerca de 50% entre 2002 e 2006. Cerca de 50 % do total mundial de produção de frutas, em volume, é por apenas 5 paises, China, USA, Brasil, Itália e Espanha. O maior produtor é a China, com 23 % e os maiores exportadores são a Espanha, USA e Itália.
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