Abstract
We analyze daily charging demand patterns of electric vehicles at DC fast charging stations along the German autobahn for an average week in 2020. For this we develop an agent based simulation tool based on current empirical mobility data. Our results show that already in 2020 about 1,000 charging processes per charging location and day might be realistic. In order to avoid long waiting times these charging locations should be equipped with about 20 charging points. A utilization rate of up to 80% makes a profitable operation of these stations highly probable. A sensitivity analysis indicates main parameters which influence the throughput of electric vehicles significantly.
Highlights
The roll-out of charging stations was seen as a necessary requirement for a successful market uptake of electric vehicles (EV)
The results of our analysis are significant for three research areas: (1) The number of charging points considerably influences the cost estimates for the rollout of the fast charging infrastructure system and (2) impacts the waiting time of EV users at these charging locations and (3) the peak in electricity demand is relevant for dimensioning the electricity grid connection
That the number of charging points per charging location is highly relevant with regard to the investment on the fast charging network, waiting time, and impact on the electricity grid
Summary
The roll-out of charging stations was seen as a necessary requirement for a successful market uptake of electric vehicles (EV). Public accessible Mode 3AC charging stations (cf IEC 16851) are sufficient, whereas for the second application, the long-distance trips, time is scarce, and Mode 4 DC fast charging stations should be applied. The latter is currently high on the political agenda in Europe and it is the focus of this paper. The results of our analysis are significant for three research areas: (1) The number of charging points considerably influences the cost estimates for the rollout of the fast charging infrastructure system and (2) impacts the waiting time of EV users at these charging locations and (3) the peak in electricity demand is relevant for dimensioning the electricity grid connection. The endowment of charging points is important and, the objective of this paper is to give an estimate of an adequate number of charging points per fast charging location along the Autobahn in Southern Germany with respect to costs and waiting time of EV users
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