Abstract
This article offers a new perspective on telecommuting from the viewpoint of the complex web of digital divides. Using the United Kingdom as a case study, this article studies how the quality and reliability of Internet services, as reflected in experienced Internet upload speeds during the spring 2020 lockdown, might reinforce or redress the spatial and social dimensions of digital divisions. Fast, reliable Internet connections are necessary for the population to be able to work from home. Although not every place hosts individuals in occupations that allow for telecommuting or with the necessary skills to effectively use the Internet to telecommute, good Internet connectivity is also essential to local economic resilience in a period like the current pandemic. Employing data on individual broadband speed tests and state-of-the-art time series clustering methods, we create clusters of UK local authorities with similar temporal signatures of experienced upload speeds. We then associate these clusters of local authorities with their socioeconomic and geographic characteristics to explore how they overlap with or diverge from the existing economic and digital geography of the United Kingdom. Our analysis enables us to better understand how the spatial and social distributions of both occupations and online accessibility intersect to enable or hinder the practice of telecommuting at a time of extreme demand.
Highlights
ÃTransport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, UK †School of Geographic Sciences, University of Bristol, UK, and The Alan Turing Institute, UK
Because our research aims to identify the geography of Internet service resilience for work purposes, bank holidays and the hours between midnight and 6:00 a.m. were excluded, as well as weekend days
The largest cluster, comprising 229 local authorities and over 40 million people, is Cluster 6, which has the slowest aggregate mean upload speed of any cluster and the highest ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. This suggests that those living in local authorities in this cluster experienced some of the lowest quality broadband services in terms of upload speeds and reliability in the United Kingdom
Summary
ÃTransport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, UK †School of Geographic Sciences, University of Bristol, UK, and The Alan Turing Institute, UK. Employing data on individual broadband speed tests and state-of-the-art time series clustering methods, we create clusters of UK local authorities with similar temporal signatures of experienced upload speeds. We associate these clusters of local authorities with their socioeconomic and geographic characteristics to explore how they overlap with or diverge from the existing economic and digital geography of the United Kingdom. The ability to work from home or telecommute meant that millions retained their jobs and, to a varying extent, maintained productivity during periods of strict lockdowns around the world This ability has not been evenly distributed socially or spatially, creating new intersections of economic and digital divisions.
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