Abstract
Working fluid selection is still a great challenge for a dual-loop organic Rankine cycle (DORC) to achieve better comprehensive performance. In this paper, a method combing multi-objective optimization with improved grey relational analysis (GRA) was proposed to select a suitable fluid pair for the DORC system, which was driven by the flue gas from a rotary kiln with a temperature of 573.15 K. A multi-objective optimization was conducted for the thermodynamic performance (exergy efficiency, EXE), economic performance (payback period, PBP), and environmental performance (annual CO2 emission reduction, AER) by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Then, priorities of 27 candidate pairs were sequenced based on their grey relational degree. The results show that cyclohexane/butane has the best comprehensive performance among 27 alternatives, and the EXE, AER, and PBP are 0.53, 3.43 years, and 14,100 tons, respectively. Boiling point temperature is a criterion of fluid selection for the DORC system. The most suitable boiling point temperature of working fluid in high-temperature (HT) loop and low-temperature (LT) loop is 330–363 K and 255–305 K, respectively. This research provides a general methodology to evaluate working fluids of different ORC systems to recover low-medium temperature waste heat.
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