Abstract

patterns of occupation and employment of workers in the past, like those in the present, have long been understood as the consequence of supply and demand. Family history has developped concepts and methods to look systematically at the supply side. Analysis of household labor allocation in industrial capitalist economies, as revealed in census listings of individuals in households, has used the concept of family strategies to illuminate patterned behavior. Household patterns of employment in concrete historical cases demonstrate that although workers are individual wage earners, the likelihood that they will be employed is shaped by their position in the household, the number and age of children, and who else in the household is earning wages.

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