Workers’ exposure to nano-objects in R&D laboratories: An integrated risk management and communication approach

Abstract

The growing development of emerging and enabling technologies, including nanotechnologies, calls for a responsible approach to identify, evaluate, prevent and communicate health and safety (H&S) concerns related to them. This study proposes a methodology to manage the potential risks related to research and development (R&D) activities on nanomaterials (NMs), combining qualitative risk evaluation, on-site exposure assessment and communication tools. This methodology gives an example of an evidence-based approach to address uncertainties related to workers’ exposure in NMs use and production. It originates from a standardized Control Banding (CB) approach, in which the hazard bands are combined with the exposure potential, in order to define the level of control measures required in the workplace. Field measurements, data collection and off-line analysis have been employed to integrate the CB model and to obtain an improved risk management tool. It has been tested in a R&D laboratory in which NMs with different dimensionalities were manufactured and used: graphene, nanowires and nanoparticles. The final outcome is a risk analysis included in a pictogram (NanoLabel) associated to each process phase and laboratory, indicating the specific level of risk and primary management measures, addressed to R&D personnel, H&S players and other workers involved. It is a dynamic system that can be adapted to the different R&D activities and to the different competences and skills of target personnel. Results shows the approach address workers’ exposure to NMs with promising applications also in industrial contexts.