Abstract
BackgroundExcessive alcohol use in adolescence can be detrimental to health and academic performance. Few studies consider the moderating effects of parental and peer influence within the context of adolescent work outside of the school environment. This study aims to examine work stress among adolescents and the association with alcohol use and drunkenness, in the context of parental and peer influences.MethodsGrade 12 students who participated in Monitoring the Future surveys between 2005 and 2009 (n = 12,341) were included in this study. Independent variables included work stress (job satisfaction, perceived safety, and perceived safety of possessions), self-reported perceptions towards academics and influence from parents and peers. Frequency of alcohol use and drunkenness were measured for lifetime, last 30 days and 12 months. The moderating effects of academic aspiration, parental, and peer influence were assessed on the relationship between work stress and alcohol use.ResultsAny work stress was positively associated with alcohol use over the past 12 months (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.23). Stratified analysis found that peer influence significantly moderated the relationship between work stress and alcohol use over the lifetime and past 12 months. Among adolescents with work stress, odds ratios of alcohol use over the lifetime was 0.83 (95% CI 0.71-0.97) for those with low negative peer influence and 1.09 (95% CI 0.97-1.22) for those with high negative peer influence.ConclusionsProblematic drinking patterns were more apparent among high school students who experienced stress at work. Positive peer influence, however, may buffer the adverse effect of work stress on alcohol use.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1303) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Excessive alcohol use in adolescence can be detrimental to health and academic performance
Work stress was significantly associated with alcohol use over the past 12 months (OR = 1.12 (1.02-1.23))
Parent, and peer influence were linearly associated with alcohol use and drunkenness
Summary
Excessive alcohol use in adolescence can be detrimental to health and academic performance. Few studies consider the moderating effects of parental and peer influence within the context of adolescent work outside of the school environment. This study aims to examine work stress among adolescents and the association with alcohol use and drunkenness, in the context of parental and peer influences. The effort-reward imbalance model posits that there is a trade-off between the effort put into work and the reward gained, such as money, esteem, and job status [14]. These models have been tested in the past predominately to explain the role of work stress and adverse health effects, and have been associated with heart disease [13]. There has been no job stress model that explored the relationship between adolescent job stress and alcohol use
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