Work softening and work hardening during rotary swaging of copper

Abstract

Cold–worked and annealed copper rods were deformed at room temperature in a four–die rotary swaging machine. The outer parts of the cold–worked rods were work softened, whereas the annealed rods were inhomogeneously work-hardened, with a strength increase from the surface to the core. Both effects can be explained as being a consequence of a cyclic deformation during rotary swaging.MST/148