Abstract
Abstract In the Fertile Crescent, grain legumes such as peas, lentils and faba beans were domesticated at about the same time as wheat and barley. In most branches of the Uralic language family, the words for pea have common roots, with the exception of the borrowings in the Finnic and Para-Finnic groups from Baltic and in Hungarian from Turkic. These results suggest that the pea may be an ancient crop among the Uralic peoples, with those who migrated losing the original Uralic word for it and borrowing it later from the non-Uralic peoples. Alternatively, the pea may have arrived after the Hungarian and Finnic peoples had migrated from the Uralic homeland. Moreover, words for lentil are clearly borrowed from neighbouring cultures, while words for faba bean are either derived from those for pea or borrowed from other cultures, demonstrating they were not among the first crops to be used by any of the Uralic peoples.
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