Abstract
안구운동추적 기법은 자연스러운 글읽기 과정 중에 이해 처리의 양상을 객관적으로 측정한다는 점에서 읽기 숙련도에 따른 발달적 특성을 파악하는데 의미 있게 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 글읽기의 기본 단위라 할 수 있는 단어 수준의 처리 과정을 살펴볼 수 있는 대표적인 변인으로 단어 빈도 효과를 다루었다. 일반 중학생 14명과 고등학생 20명이 연구에 참가하였으며, 실험 자극은 3음절의 고/저빈도 단어를 포함된 문장으로 빈도 외의 요소는 두 조건이 동일하도록 통제하였다. 표적 영역에서 발생한 고정 시간 및 고정 수 에 대한 분석 결과, 두 집단 모두에서 단어 빈도 효과가 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 안구운동추적을 통해 읽기 기술이 발달 중인 일반 중고등학생의 문장 처리 특성을 살펴봄으로써 추후 연령을 비롯한 읽기 수준에 따른 글이해 과정의 차이를 알아보기 위한 경험적 토대를 마련하였다는데 의의가 있다.Eye movement data afford researchers valuable temporal information about exactly when in the reading record a given manipulated variable has an effect. One advantage of using eye movements is data are collected online during silent reading; therefore, they are uncontaminated by memory demands, articulation processes, or conscious strategies. In the present study, the eye movements are measured during Korean-speaking middle and high school students’ silent reading tasks. To investigate the word frequency effects, the study employs controlled sentence frames with embedded target words in an experimental design. Word frequency effects are interesting because they can demonstrate if less skilled readers’ mental lexicons are organized according to the same criteria as those of adults. For direct comparison, the participants read 36 experimental sentences using Koh et al.’s (2008) study that contains target words manipulated for high vs. low frequency. The word frequency effects are observed, with significant effects seen in single-fixation duration (cases where only a single fixation is made on a target) and total viewing time (all fixations on a target) eye movement measures. These results indicate that linguistic influences are primary in driving eye movements during reading for middle and high school students. This study suggests that further research should investigate the developmental trend in relationship to chronological age and reading ability. As the understanding of less skilled readers’ eye movement behavior while reading increases, measuring eye movements offers a promising approach to charting individual differences in reading.
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