Women’s Changing Roles in Times of Conflict

Abstract

Abstract This chapter examines the evolving role of women in Libya following the 2011 uprising, which initially brought about increased liberation for women in public spaces. However, over the subsequent decade, women’s freedoms and roles faced growing restrictions due to societal responses to chronic insecurity. These responses included social control mechanisms and the imposition of boundaries between men and women in public spaces by armed groups, driven by moral and religious considerations, as well as by attempts to gain popularity and legitimacy. The chapter examines gender relations and regime policies before the revolution, highlighting a clash between women’s public presence and persisting gender stereotypes. It then explores the impact of violence, conflict, social control mechanisms, and conservative norms on the transformation of women’s roles, including with regard to restrictions on political participation, mobility, employment, education, and recreation. Despite restrictions, women actively participate in public spaces and take on expanded responsibilities in private spheres due to the fragile economic situation. The chapter also draws on personal observations to understand women’s experiences, focusing on urban society.