Abstract
The modern literature explaining the under-representation of women in science often relate to the shortage of women ‘in the pipeline’. The pipeline flows from one stage to another, and the flow of women diminishes over the stages. Speaking of the stages of career during which women scientists ‘leak’ the most, the commercialisation of science as one of the ultimate stages should be taken into consideration. The primary objective of this paper is to discuss barriers to the commercialisation of scientific knowledge by women. The collected extensive literature allows to pinpoint the reason why scientific career or success fail to provide a springboard for the practical use of knowledge. Analysed research, indicate only some of the barriers, meanwhile this paper collects most of ‘experienced’ obstacles and shows them in ‘leaking pipeline’ context. Barriers originate in at least two sources: women themselves and external factors beyond women’s control.
Highlights
One of the most important challenges that European economies have to tackle is the capacity to transform scientific knowledge and technological achievements into commercial successes
What is that? What makes women less likely to engage in business ventures that might ensue from their research? To discuss barriers to the commercialisation of scientific knowledge by women is the main aim of this paper
This paper aims to pinpoint the reason why scientific career or success fail to provide a springboard for the practical use of knowledge, such as running a business, and what obstacles women scientists face in this process compared with men
Summary
One of the most important challenges that European economies have to tackle is the capacity to transform scientific knowledge and technological achievements into commercial successes. One reason that women engage less in an entrepreneurial activity than men is that they may be less predisposed towards “selling” their pursued research (Murray and Graham 2005) Another external barrier is the feminization of some fields of science (especially the humanities, social sciences, health care and education, as mentioned at the beginning of this paper).These scientific provinces attract more women than men, but are less prone to commercialisation. If the importance of male-female equality at any stage of a scientific career is firmly emphasized, the generations of women scientists to come will be able to commercialise science much more effectively and the leakages at different sections of the pipeline will become negligible. Barriers faced by women in the commercialisation of scientific knowledge deprive them of such an opportunity
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