Women's experiences of vaginal examinations in labour: a literature review

Abstract

Background/Aims Evidence for vaginal examinations to assess labour progress is inconclusive and indicates some negative psychological impacts for women. Understanding women's perceptions of vaginal examinations is essential to guide future clinical practice. This literature review aimed to explore women's experiences of vaginal examinations in labour. Methods A comprehensive review of four databases was carried out, searching for publications made between 2012 and 2023. Findings were synthesised using thematic analysis. Results Eight relevant papers were included. Four themes emerged: frequency of vaginal examinations, true, informed consent, emotional reactions and rapport building and humanisation. Conclusions Negative experiences were associated with overuse and lack of properly informed consent. Positive experiences linked to continuity in carer. Further research into alternative ways of assessing labour progression to minimise non-clinically indicated vaginal examinations may improve women's labour experience. Implications for practice There is a need for further education for healthcare professionals on ongoing informed consent, appropriate communication, the necessary frequency of vaginal examinations and avoiding desensitisation. Additional training should be well-established in hospitals to minimise exams when not clinically indicated.